Washington, Adams, Jefferson Presidencies

Washington, Adams,and Jefferson Presidencies Washington Inauguration elected by electoral college unanimously April 30, 1789 1st real(a) test of constitution defined lots of roles and traditions of executive Washingtons Crew Sec. Of State- Jefferson Sec. Of Treasury- Hamilton Sec. Of War- Henry Knox Attorney General- Edmund Randolph Pres. met with these men regularly for advice on major policies Creating Court System yet woo mentioned in the constitution was supreme court Judiciary act of 1789- one chief justice and 5 associate judges could make decisions on constitutionality 3 district courts and three circuit courts of appeals Hamilton to address the govt. financial difficulties assumption- consolidate debts from states to natl. govt. and pay off protect the infant industries- high tariffs to collect duties on solely imported goods and limit competition natl. cant- depositing govt. funds and print bank notes to stabilize US currency Arguments of the national bank Elastic claus e- can create laws which atomic number 18 necessary and proper loose constructionist constitution permitted everything not expressly forbidden Washington agreeFeared that states would lose power that the federal official govt. gained strict constructionist forbade everything it didnt permit wishy-washy primal govt. in favor of states Birth of Political Parties Federalist- Hamilton, Adams and Marshall aristocracy encouraged industry favored alliance w/ great Britain strong central govt. Dem-Republicans-Jefferson and Madison associated w/ masses development of agriculture Washington and NAs Indian intercourse act 1790- congress regulate trade w/ Indians and western trim acquired by treaty Americans continued to settle on Indian lands ed to bloody scrimmages TIMMMMMMMMBBBBEERRRRRRR Battle of Fall Timbers NW Ohio US army led by General Anthony Wayne defeated some Indians Treaty of Greenville Ohio soil given to Americans and open to settlement Whiskey Rebellion angered by excise ta x on distilled whiskey small band of PA farmers march toward Philly attacking tax collectors on the way Washington sent 15,000 troops led by Hamilton causes ascent to collapse Jefferson disagrees new govt proves effective in handling crisis West SideAfter states gave up western land claims congress encouraged western settlement Public disembark performance (1796) orderly procedures for dividing selling federal lands at a reasonable price VT 91 KY 92 TN 96 Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) believed America could not handle a European war went against popular belief and chose to stay out of war Jefferson resigned from the cabinet in disagreement Disrespecting Washington French minister Edmond Genet continued press Washington after Proclamation broke all and talked directly to the people to support the French WA wanted ambassador removedJefferson supported the removal French recalled Genet remained in US and became citizen Jay Treaty (1794) Jay was sent to Britain to talk about sei zures of US ships Britain hold to withdraw troops and pay damages for ships America concord to pay debts angered French supporters maintained neutrality Pinckney Treaty effect of Jay Treaty Spain wanted to consolidate holdings in America Thomas pinckney minister to Spain Spain agreed to open lower Mississippi and New Orleans to America without paying duties Spain agreed to accept US claims to Floridas northern boundary US agreed on nonaggression in WestWashingtons Farewell Address wrote letter to American people warned about not get into European affairs, no political parties, no steadfast alliances, avoid sectionalism left after two terms and set the precedent for future presidents Election of 1796 active political parties participated in election federalist candidate- tail end Adams Dem-Republican candidate-Jefferson Adams won by three votes Jefferson became vice president runner-up becomes vice presidents XYZ Affair French warships and privateers began seizing American merc hant ships Adams sent delegation to capital of France to negotiate inisters known as XY and Z requested bribes to enter negotiations America Reacts millions for defense but not one cent for tribute most Americans were appall and wanted war with France Adams popularity sky rocketed when he refused and raised and army led by Hamilton waged undeclared naval war convention of 1800- no more alliance and dont have to pay for cargo Federalist strengthen public anger against France strengthened the federalist in congress hoped to enact laws to limit their political opponentsNaturalization Act ncreased the years needed to become a US from 5 to 14 years most immigrants voted Dem-Republican Violating Rights to prevent french revolutionaires from entering the country and crippling Dem-Republicans alienate acts- authorized the president to deport any aliens considered dangerous Sedition act- made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize govt. KY and VA resolutions state legislatures enac ted nullifying laws of alien and sedition acts KY and VA adopted a resolution- written by Jefferson and Madison both declare states had a right to nullify a federal law Judiciary Act of 1801 o visualize that federalists would continue to control courts Adams used this to add last minute appointments known as midnight judges Marbury v. Madison John Marshall ruled that supreme court did not have power over Jefferson judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional Jefferson was awarded victory in exchange for Judicial Review Election of 1800 federalists lost popularity shame of alien and sedition acts taxes for maintaining an army republicans nominated Aaron Burr and Jefferson federalists nominated John Adams Revolution of 1800Thomas Jefferson and Aaron burr tied with 73 votes Hamilton supported Jefferson and HOR elected Jefferson first transit from 1 party to other w/o violence indication constitution would endure federalists changed power Dem-Republicans Ease of Transition maintained natio nal bank and debt repayment attempted to win trust of federalists carried out neutrality policies set by Washington and Adams Republican Principles reduce military eliminated a number of federal jobs repealed excise taxes lowered national debt only republicans were named to his cabinetLouisiana Territory french gained territory from Spanish napoleon wanted to sell the land fighting British halt rebellion in Santo Domingo US interested Spanish officials revoked right of deposit duty free use of New Orleans prevent America from getting involved in European affairs. Lewis and Clark started in St. Louis in 1804 and arrived on west coast in 1806 increased geographic and scientific knowledge of new territory strengthened us claims to Oregon territory improved relations with natives developed maps and land routes Negotiation for the TerritoryJefferson sent ministers to France to accept an offer no higher than 10 million no deal British American alliance napoleon offered 15 million ministe r accepted purchase of louisiana territory americans clear power to purchase land not in constitution purchased land for good of country used power to make treaties senate ratified Consequences of Purchase treble size of country remove foreign presence from borders extension of western lands strengthened Jefferson vision of agrarian society increased Jeffersons popularity showed federalists to be weak.