Robert Gould Shaw Led Unions First Black Regiment

The son of prominent Boston abolitionists, Robert Gould Shaw was born October 10, 1837, to Francis and Sara Shaw. The heir to a large fortune, Francis Shaw advocated for a variety of causes and Robert was raised in an environment that included notable personalities such as William Lloyd Garrison, Charles Sumner, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1846, the family moved to Staten Island, NY and, despite being Unitarian, Robert  enrolled in St. Johns College Roman Catholic School. Five years later, the Shaws traveled to Europe and Robert continued his studies abroad. Education and First Job Returning home in 1855, he enrolled at Harvard the following year. After three years of university, Shaw withdrew from Harvard in order to take a position in his uncles, Henry P. Sturgis, mercantile firm in New York. Though he was fond of the city, he found that he was ill-suited for business. While his interest in his work waned, he developed a passion for politics. A supporter of Abraham Lincoln, Shaw hoped that the ensuing secession crisis would see the Southern states brought back by force or cut loose from the United States. Early Civil War With the secession crisis peaking, Shaw enlisted in the 7th New York State Militia with the hope that he would see action if war broke out. Following the attack on Fort Sumter, the 7th NYS responded to Lincolns call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion. Traveling to Washington, the regiment was quartered in the Capitol. While in the city, Shaw had the opportunity to meet both Secretary of State William Seward and President Lincoln. As the 7th NYS was only a short-term regiment, Shaw, who wished to remain in the service, applied for a permanent commission in a Massachusetts regiment. On May 11, 1861, his request was granted and he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Returning north, Shaw joined the regiment at Camp Andrew in West Roxbury for training. In July, the regiment was sent to Martinsburg, VA, and soon joined Major General Nathaniel Banks corps. Over the next year, Shaw served in western Maryland and Virginia, with the regiment taking part in attempts to stop Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. During the First Battle of Winchester, Shaw luckily avoided being wounded when a bullet hit his pocket watch. A short time later, Shaw was offered a position on Brigadier General George H. Gordons staff which he accepted. After taking part in the Battle of Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862, Shaw was promoted to captain. While the 2nd Massachusetts brigade was present at the Battle of Second Manassas later that month, it was held in reserve and did not see action. On September 17, Gordons brigade saw heavy combat in the East Woods during the Battle of Antietam. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment On February 2, 1863, Shaws father received a letter from Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew offering Robert command of the first black regiment raised in the North, the 54th Massachusetts. Francis traveled to Virginia and presented the offer to his son. While initially reluctant, Robert was ultimately persuaded by his family to accept. Arriving in Boston on February 15, Shaw began recruiting in earnest. Assisted by Lt. Colonel Norwood Hallowell, the regiment began training at Camp Meigs. Though originally skeptical about the fighting qualities of the regiment, the mens dedication and devotion impressed him. Officially promoted to colonel on April 17, 1863, Shaw married his sweetheart Anna Kneeland Haggerty in New York on May 2. On May 28, the regiment marched through Boston, to the cheers of a massive crowd, and began their voyage south. Arriving at Hilton Head, SC on June 3, the regiment began service in Major General David Hunters Department of the South. A week after landing, the 54th took part in Colonel James Montgomerys attack on Darien, GA. The raid angered Shaw as Montgomery ordered the town looted and burned. Unwilling to take part, Shaw and the 54th largely stood and watched as events unfolded. Angered by Montgomerys actions, Shaw wrote to Gov. Andrew and the adjutant general of the department. On June 30, Shaw learned that his troops were to be paid less than white soldiers. Displeased by this, Shaw inspired his men to boycott their pay until the situation was resolved (it took 18 months). Following Shaws letters of complaint regarding the Darien raid, Hunter was relieved and replaced with Major General Quincy Gillmore. Seeking to attack Charleston, Gillmore began operations against Morris Island. These initially went well, however the 54th was excluded much to Shaws chagrin. Finally on July 16, the 54th saw action on nearby James Island when it aided in repulsing a Confederate attack. The regiment fought well and proved that black soldiers were the equals of whites. Following this action, Gillmore planned an attack on Fort Wagner on Morris Island. The honor of the lead position in the assault was given to the 54th. On the evening of July 18, believing that he would not survive the attack, Shaw sought out Edward L. Pierce, a reporter with the New York Daily Tribune, and gave him several letters and personal papers. He then returned to the regiment which was formed up for the assault. Marching over open beach, the 54th came under heavy fire from the Confederate defenders as it approached the fort. With the regiment wavering, Shaw sprung to the front yelling Forward 54th! and led his men as they charged. Surging through ditch surrounding the fort, the 54th scaled the walls. Reaching the top of the parapet, Shaw stood and waved his men forward. As he urged them on he was shot through the heart and killed. Despite the regiments valor the attack was repulsed with the 54th suffering 272 casualties (45% of its total strength). Angered by the use of black soldiers, the Confederates stripped Shaws body and buried it with his men, believing that it would humiliate his memory. After attempts by Gillmore to recover Shaws body failed, Francis Shaw asked him to stop, believing his son would prefer to rest with his men.

Essay on Cystic Fibrosis - 1025 Words

Cystic Fibrosis is a disorder where the exocrine glands secrete abnormally thick mucus, leading to obstruction of the pancreas and chronic infections of the lungs, which usually cause death in childhood or early adulthood. Some mildly affected patients may survive longer. Doctors can diagnose the disease by testing the patients perspiration because people with Cystic Fibrosis have high amounts of salt in their perspiration. Those with respiratory infections are treated with antibiotics, with aerosols that relieve constriction of the airways and liquefy the thick mucus, and by physical therapy to help patients cough up the obstructing secretions. Patients with pancreatic insufficiency can take pancreatic enzymes with meals.†¦show more content†¦The sickle-shaped red cells interfere with normal blood flow by plugging up small blood vessels. Sickle-cell anemia occurs when an individual inherits a sickle-cell gene from each parent. Programs have been initiated to detect carriers, who do not themselves show the trait; such carriers are informed that a child resulting from the union of two carriers runs a one in four risk of having sickle-cell disease. Therapy for sickle-cell anemia is largely symptomatic. Preventive administration of penicillin to affected children by the age of four months greatly decreases mortality from infections. For this reason, routine screening of newborns for sickle-cell anemia is currently carried out in more than 40 states within the United States. Down Syndrome Down Syndrome, which used to be called mongolism, is a congenital malformation accompanied by moderate to severe mental retardation, is caused by a chromosomal abnormality. People with Down syndrome are often short in height and have a small, round head with a high, flattened forehead and split, dry lips and tongue. A typical feature is a fold of skin, the epicanthic fold, on either side of the bridge of the nose. The palms show a single transverse crease and the soles have a straight crease from the heel to the space between the first and second toes. These people are also subject to congenital heart defects and tend to develop leukemia. TheirShow MoreRelatedCystic Fibrosis983 Words   |  4 Pages Can viruses used as vectors in the process of gene therapy be an effective treatment for Cystic Fibrosis? Firstly, Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic and recessive disease that mostly affects the lungs and pancreas. This leads to phlegm accumulation, salty sweat, male infertility, shortness of breath and increased risk of infection, which all contribute to premature death (CFF, 2017). Since it is recessive, you need two copies of the gene to manifest the disease, but 1/30 Americans have at least one copyRead MoreA Report On Cystic Fibrosis945 Words   |  4 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is described as a â€Å"congenital disorder affecting exocrine gland function, with respiratory effects, including excessive secretions, obstruction of the bronchial system, infection, and tissue damage† (Kowalczyk, 2014). Cystic fibrosis is also known as CF, and is the most common lethal disease in white children (Kowalczyk, 2014). People whom have CF have â€Å"histologically† normal lungs at birth. Lung damage occurs when secretions from the enlarged bronchial glands graduallyRead More Cystic Fibrosis Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pages Cystic Fibrosis is a severe hereditary disease that infects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands and male fertility. The name Cystic Fibrosis derives from the Fibrous scar tissue that develops in the pancreas. First recognized in 1938, cystic fibrosis is generalized as an autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands. About one in every 2500 Caucasians is affected, and one in 25 is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis gene. Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal hereditaryRead MoreEssay on Cystic Fibrosis1790 Words   |  8 Pagesperson with Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis is a disease that forces a person to drown in mucus that fills their lungs while it wreaks havoc on the body. This chronic disease causes devastating health problems, has no cure, and forces patients to endure painful temporary treatments. Taking daily medications, maintaining a social life, and staying moderately healthy are a constant struggle for people with Cystic Fibrosis. Unlike many of the diseases that plague people today Cystic Fibrosis is givenRead MoreEssay on Cystic Fibrosis1134 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal inherited disease, affecting about 30,000 patients worldwide. In the past decade, strides in patient management and the development of new pharmacological agents, coupled with scientific and technological advances, have increased the mean life expectancy of CF patients to approximately 30 years of age (approximately 50% of CF patients live to the age of 30). As early as 30 years ago, the median survival age was 8 years. ChronicRead MoreWhat is Cystic Fibrosis?903 Words   |  4 PagesCystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein which acts as a chlorine channel that regulates water and ion levels across the epithelia. Cystic fibrosis can affect sweat glands, the respiratory system, digestive system and the reproductive system. In the lungs defects in the CFTR protein results in airway surface liquid depletion, triggering a cascade of events resulting in infectionRead MoreA Study On Cystic Fibrosis1042 Words   |  5 PagesCystic fibrosis is due to a mutation in the gene that encodes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. It effects the exocrine glands which are responsible for making mucus and sweat. It causes a thickening of the mucus in your body and increases the salt content of your sweat. These can lead to problems including problems absorbing oxygen, lung infections, inhibit digestive enzymes from reaching your small intestine, dehydration, increased heart rate, lower blood pressureRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Defect3451 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: Cystic Fibrosis: A Defect in the CFTR Gene Cystic Fibrosis: A Defect in the CFTR Gene Alexandra L Allen Southern Union State Community College RAD212: Image Evaluation and Pathology Abstract What is Cystic Fibrosis? How does it affect people living with it? Cystic Fibrosis, also known as CF, is a life-threatening hereditary disease. It is inherited by a faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor (CFTR) geneRead MoreIntroduction. Cystic Fibrosis . Cystic Fibrosis (Cf) Is1323 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder with a clinical incidence of 1 in every 3500 newborns1. Currently, over 4000 Canadians have CF, with 60% being adults2. In the past, CF was considered a fatal disease with a life expectancy of less than two years, however, advances in enzymatic and antibiotic therapy have greatly improved the life expectancy of patients afflicted with CF3. Currently, the median age of Canadian CF patients is 50 years2. CFRead More Cystic Fibrosis Essay3952 Words   |  16 Pagessupplements, and other medications. In the past, the life expectancy of people with CF used to only be 8 years. However, with todays many medical advances, the average life expectancy is just under 30 years and is continuing to increase. Common cystic fibrosis symptoms involve: high amounts of salt (sodium and chloride) and potassium in sweat constant coughing and wheezing large amounts of mucus in the lungs recurring pneumonia failure to gain weight frequent, greasy

Capital Market Efficiency free essay sample

There are three types of market efficiency: O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   when prices are determined in a way that equates the marginal rates of return (adjusted for risk) for all producers and savers, market is said to be allocationally efficient; O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   when the cost of transfering funds is â€Å"reasonable†, market is said to be operationally efficient; O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   when prices fully reflect all available information, market is said to be informationally efficient. Bachelier (1900): In the opening paragraph of his dissertation paper, he recognise that: â€Å"past, present and even discounted future events are reflected in market price, but often show no apparent relation to price changes†. Samuelson (1965): In his article, â€Å"Proof that properly anticipated prices fluctuate randomly†, he asserted that: â€Å"†¦competitive prices must display price changes†¦that perform a random walk with no predictable bias. † Therefore, price changes must be unforcastable if they are properly anticipated. Jensen (1978): says that prices reflect information up to the point where the marginal benefits of acting on the information (the expected profits to be made) do not exceed the marginal costs of collecting it. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Market Efficiency or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Malkiel (1992): offered the following definition: â€Å"A capital market is said to be efficient if it fully and correctly reflects all relevant information in determining security prices. Formally, the market is said to be efficient with respect to some information set†¦if security price would be unaffected by revealing that information to all participants. Moreover, efficiency with respect to an informational set †¦implies that it is impossible to make economic profits by trading on the basis of (that informational set). † Lo and MacKinlay (1999): say: â€Å"†¦the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, by itself, is not a well-defined and empirically refutable hypothesis. To make it operational, one must specify additional structure, e. g. , investors’ preferences, information structure, business conditions, etc. But then a test of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis becomes a test of several auxiliary hypotheses as well, and a rejection of such a joint hypothesis tells us little about which aspect of the joint hypothesis is inconsistent with the data. † The â€Å"Bad Model† problem: Efficiency per se is not testable. It must be tested jointly with some model of equilibrium. When we find anomalus evidence on behavior of returns, the way it should be split between market inefficiency or a bad model of market equilibrium is ambiguous (Fama-1991) Tests of market efficiency: one must specify the information set used; * one must specify a model of normal returns (the classic assumpion is that normal returns are constant over time); * abnormal returns are computed as difference between the return on a security and its normal return, and forcast of the abnormal return are constructed using the chosen information set. If abnormal return is unforcastable, and in this sense â€Å"random†, then the hypothesis of market efficiency is not rejected. Tests of market efficiency – Weak-form tests The question is: How well do past returns predict future returns? The main assumption is that there should be no pattern in the time series of returns. Three theories of time series behaviour of prices can be found in the literature: * the fair-game model; * the martingale or submartingale model; * the random walk model. * Tests of market efficiency – Weak-form tests * The martingale model * Is also a fair game, where tomorrow’s price is expected to be the same as today (the expected return is zero).

Refinery Wastewater Management

Introduction As many countries around the world face high population and development growth, the water systems in place continue to face pressure as the demand for water continues to increase by the day. This high demand and use of water has led to an increase in effluent water discharges and raw sewage into the environment leading to environmental degradation and pollution.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Refinery Wastewater Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wastewater management activities have been developed to deal with the amount of effluent water in the environment and how this water can be recycled for reuse in domestic, industrial and agricultural functions (Shuping et al 2006). For water to be termed as wastewater, it has to undergo degradation in the form of contamination by organic waste materials, nitrate and phosphate pollution as well as bacterial contamination. Wastewater can however be treated for re-use by incorporating wastewater management activities that will reduce the amount of contamination to a level that is not harmful. Waste water management involves carrying out refinery activities on waste water so that it can be reused again for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Waste water management is carried out to reduce the amount of water that is disposed off in the environment as well as reduce the level of contamination in natural water sources. Many countries practice wastewater management so that they can limit the overdependence of natural water sources such as rivers, lakes and streams. Waste water reduces the amount of energy, time and costs that go in to treating water for reuse in water treatment plants. The most crucial aspect of waste water management processes is the collection and treatment of the effluent water. Wastewater Management The main aim of conducting treatment procedures on waste water is to remove any suspended solid materials that are in the effluent water before it can be discharged into the environment (Perlman 2010). When it comes to wastewater management activities, many industrial facilities rely heavily on the use of physical, chemical, physio-chemical and biological processes to treat wastewater and make it safe for disposal. Water processing plants that use chemical processes to manage the waste water have now turned to the use of zero-effluent techniques of waste management that ensure that the waste water can be re-used and the volume of waste water that is meant for disposal to the environment is minimized (Labrecque and Bedard 2004).Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The satisfactory disposal of waste water will depend on the type of treatment that is used in treating the water before it is disposed off. Treating waste water before disposal is viewed to be an important activity as it prevents the contamination of the environment as well as preventing the contamination of other water resources such as rivers, lakes and streams. Waste water management involves the use of technology to improve the quality of the waste water before it can be disposed or re-used. The main aspects that underlie wastewater management involve the collection of the waste water to a central location such as a treatment tank where the water will be subjected to various treatment procedures. Because of the large volumes of wastewater, the treatment processes that are usually performed on the water have to be continuous to deal with the huge water volumes. Types of Wastewater Treatment Systems The features for most waste water treatment systems are usually determined by the nature of wastewater that is being treated and the amount of treatment that will be required to reduce the level contamination in the water. Wastewater can be treated by incorporating systems such as physic al, biological, primary, secondary, chemical and tertiary treatment systems. The minimum level of treatment required for waste water is the secondary treatment level but in cases where the level of contamination and pollution is high, the tertiary or advanced level of treatment is used (Viessman 2010) The various methods and techniques that can be used to treat wastewater are outlined below. Conventional Treatment System This wastewater approach incorporates the use of preliminary processes to remove heavy solid materials from the effluent water. The conventional treatment process eliminates the oxygen levels in the wastewater by metabolizing and flocculating the organic and non organic materials in the water. The preliminary processes will incorporate screening techniques which will screen out coarse and medium sedimentary materials in the wastewater.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Refinery Wastewater Management specifically for you for only $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More The process will also measure the water flows and remove grit, solid waste from the water by shredding these solids to eliminate them from the wastewater. The sludge that results from the purification of the waste water is usually thickened and processed for disposal or use in land filling or for agricultural purposes (Viessman 2010). Primary and Secondary Treatment of Water The most common method that is used in the primary wastewater treatment system is that of sedimentation. This method removes 30 to 50 percent of solid materials in the wastewater by suspending them for elimination. To suspend these solids, the waste water is aerated and oxygen levels increased in the settling tanks to allow for floatation. The process of sedimentation in primary treatment systems must be done before any biological filtration process is performed. The organic material that remains from the primary treatment of waste water is usually extracted for use in th e secondary treatment process for biological materials (Viessman 2010). The use of the primary treatment system ensures that 60% of the suspended materials in the wastewater are removed (Perlman 2010). The main purpose of using primary treatment systems is to reduce the velocity of the wastewater so that suspended solids and floatable materials can settle in the surface of the water. The primary treatment devices that are used in treating the water include septic tanks, sedimentation tanks, flocculators, chemical feed units and upward flow clarifiers. The primary methods of treatment that are used in the secondary system are the use of activated sludge processes, biological contactors that are rotating and trickling filters. The activated sludge process involves feeding the wastewater into a tank that is aerated to allow for the breakdown of microorganisms in the effluent water which results in the formation of a microbial floc that settles below the tank. The sludge is then returne d to the aerated tank for secondary settling.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aerated tanks have trickling filters and rotating biological contactors that are used to support the microbial flocs which have slime growths. The trickling filters and biological contactors are used in the treatment process to extract the organic materials or suspended solid materials from wastewater as it flows through the various stages of treatment. The sludge deposits or microbial flocs that settle below the tank are collected in a tank known as the secondary clarifier as the water flows out. The secondary treatment of wastewater removes 90 percent of suspended solids in the water (Viessman 2010). Tertiary Water Treatment Tertiary treatment systems are viewed to be the additional processes that are performed on the wastewater after it has gone through both the primary and secondary treatment systems. This method is employed when the two stages have failed to reduce the level of contamination in the water. For example, to reduce the amount of phosphorous in the water, the wa ste waters that are discharged to the receiving waters will have to undergo a eutrophic treatment procedure (Veissman 2010). Physical Treatment Processes For the treatment of waste water to be complete and effective physical treatment processes have to be performed on the water to ensure it is safe for disposal or re use. The physical process of waste water treatment will involve performing sedimentation, filtering, and aeration procedures on the water. In the sedimentation process, physical aspects that are related to the settling of suspended solids such as gravity are performed on the waste water. The sedimentation process involves holding the waste water for a short period of time in a storage tank that has been put under quiescent conditions. These conditions will allow for the heavy solids to settle and also eliminate the clarified effluent (Naik 2010) Sedimentation is one of the common physical procedures that are conducted at the beginning and end of the treatment process. T he aeration process involves adding oxygen to the wastewater so that the chemical compounds and bacteria in the water are reduced. Another physical process that can be used to treat waste water is by filtering where the water is passed through a filter that separates the suspended solids from the waste water (Naik 2010) Chemical Treatment Process The chemical treatment system involves the use of chemical processes such as chlorination, neutralization, coagulation and ozonation to reduce the amount of chemicals and bacteria in the water. Chlorination involves mixing the waste water with chlorine so as to kill bacteria and reduce the rate of decomposition in the water. Ozonation involves the use of a chemical known as ozone to disinfect the water form any bacteria that might be present as well as reduce the levels of contamination in the water. Neutralization is another chemical process technique that is used to treat waste water. This process involves adding acid such as lime to the water so that the pH levels can be adjusted to a neutral level (Naik 2010). Apart from neutralization, waste water can also be treated by performing the coagulation process which will entail adding chemicals such as polyvalent metals, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, lime or aluminum sulfate to the waste water through a chemical reaction that will result in the formation of insoluble end products. These insoluble end products will be used to remove toxic substances such as hazardous chemicals or bacteria from the wastewater (Gautam et al 2007). Biological Treatment Processes This treatment process involves the use of biological micro organisms such as bacteria in the decomposition of the waste water to create stable end products. Micro organisms or sludges are formed in the waste water after which the waste is converted into carbon dioxide, or clean water. The biological treatment methods that can be used to treat wastewater are aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods. The aerobic p rocess involves the use of bacteria to consume the organic matter in the wastewater and convert it to carbon dioxide. Composting is also used in the aerobic process to treat the wastewater. The process of composting involves mixing the sludge with carbonated sources of material such as sawdust that will be used to treat the water (Naik 2010). The anaerobic treatment process involves fermenting the sludge at a particular temperature that excludes the presence of oxygen. The use of biological treatment in wastewater management activities is meant to remove any solids that might be organic or inorganic in nature. Biological processes are also performed on the water to reduce bad odor as well as destroy pathogenic organisms that might be harmful to the environment and that might impede biological activities (Gautam et al 2007). Preliminary Wastewater Treatment Systems This method of water treatment is used in most factory plants to protect the pumping of equipment and facilitate the tre atment of wastewater by removing or reducing the size of suspended solids or organic materials that are in the wastewater. Such solids include items such as plastic bottles, paper bags or other solid materials that float in water. The devices are also used to remove any heavy inorganic materials that are present in the waste water during the treatment process. The devices that are mostly used for this procedure include grit chambers, pre-aeration tanks, grinders, cutters and shredders as well as screen that will be used to separate the cut up materials from the waste water. Chlorination can also be used in the preliminary treatment to kill bacteria or organic bacteria that is in the water (Waste materials 2010). Sludge Treatment The solid waste that is removed after the primary and secondary treatment of the water is performed constitutes what is referred to as sludge. It is important to treat sludge before it is disposed off into the environmental as this material contains some haz ardous chemicals that might pose some risk to the environment. The treatment of sludge basically involves the removal of part or all of the water in the sludge to reduce the water volume. The treatment of sludge is also done to increase the decomposition of organic solids that are putrescible in nature to mineral or stable organic solids. The methods that can be used to accomplish this process include elutriation, wet oxidation, centrifuging or incineration (UNEP 2010). Screening Systems This is viewed to be one of the oldest systems of water treatment. Wastewater screening removes gross pollutants from the water so that the downstream equipment is protected from extensive damage and also prevent floating solids from entering the settling and septic tanks. The devices that are used in the screening process include wire meshes, rods, parallel bars and grating bars. The types of screen are divided into four categories which include the coarse screens, fine screens, very fine screens a nd microscreens. The coarse screens have openings that are more than 6 millimeters that are used to remove large solids such as bottles, rags, paper bags and debris. Such screens include catenary screens, reciprocating rake screens and cable driven coarse screens (ESCWA 2003). The fine screens have size openings of 1.5 to 6 millimeters that are used for reducing the amount of suspended solids during the primary treatment levels. Fine screens include rotary drum screens, rotary vertical disk screens, endless band screens and vibrating screens. The very fine screens have a size opening of 0.2 to 1.5 millimeters that are used to reduce the amount of suspended solids during the primary treatment level. The micro screens have small size openings that are 0.001 to 0.3 millimeters in size. These types of screens are used in the secondary and tertiary levels of wastewater treatment (ESCWA 2003). Flotation Wastewater Treatment This is an operation that is used to remove the solid or liquid p articles in the wastewater by incorporating the use of fine gas and air bubbles. The gas bubbles are trapped in the particle structure of the suspended solids that will make the solid buoyant. Particles that have a higher density than the liquid will rise with the buoyancy. Once the particles have floated to the surface they are eliminated out of the water by filtering or screening. The primary device that is used in the flotation process is oxygen or air. Other devices that can be used in the process include chemical additives that can be used in enhancing the skimming process. The flotation methods that can be used on suspended solids include air flotation where gas in introduced into the liquid stage, dissolved air flotation where air is injected while the wastewater is subjected to high atmospheric pressure, vacuum flotation where the wastewater is saturated by using air in an aeration tank or in a waste water pump. A partial vacuum is then applied to dissolve the air. The chemi cal additives method of flotation involves the use of chemicals in creating a surface that will easily adsorb the air bubbles in the settling tank. Chemicals such as ferric salts and aluminum are used in this technique of flotation (Metcalf and Eddy et al 2003). Natural Treatment Systems These wastewater treatment techniques are designed to incorporate the use of physical, biological and chemical processes that occur in natural ecosystems such as the interactions that take place in plants and vegetation, soil composition and nutrients, water and micro organisms. Natural treatment systems include the treatment of land, floating acquatic plants, and constructed wetlands. These treatment processes are usually performed after mechanical pretreatment techniques have been done on the wastewater. Land treatment involves the controlled application of the wastewater at a rate that can be compared to the natural chemical, biological and physical process that takes place naturally on the land. The types of land treatment systems that are used are slow rate systems, overflow and rapid infiltration systems (Metcalf and Eddy et al 2003). The slow rate system involves applying the wastewater to vegetated lands through the incorporation of techniques such as sprinklers and irrigation methods. The wastewater is applied within a duration of 4 to 10 days so that the aerobic conditions in the water can be maintained. The rapid infiltration technique involves using intensive methods to apply the water such as hydraulic and organic loadings at an intermittently and shallow infiltration rate. The overflow treatment process involves treating the wastewater as it flows down a network of vegetated terraces that are sloppy. The water is applied in an intermittent pattern to the upper parts of each terrace. This allows the water to flow down to the other terraces through runoff collection channels. The devices that are used in the overflow technique include high pressure sprinklers, gate d pipes, and low pressure sprays (ESCWA 2003). Conclusion The treatment of waste water has become a critical activity due to the diminishing water resources in the world that have arisen due to high population growth and developments in the urban worlds. The treatment of wastewater is therefore seen to be an important activity in minimizing the over reliance on natural water resources as well as reduce the amount of water that is disposed off into the environment. Wastewater treatment activities are also viewed to be important in reducing the amount of hazardous chemicals and solid wastes that are found in the water as they eliminate these materials during the treatment process. The various techniques that have been outlined are all effective methods of carrying out wastewater management activities. References Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) (2003) Wastewater  treatment technologies: a general review. Web. Gautam, A, K., Kumar, S., and Sabumon, P.C., (2007) Preliminary study of physico- chemical treatment options for hospital wastewater. Journal of Environmental  Management, Vol.83, No.3, pp.298-306. Labrecque, R. and Bedard, N. (2004) Combining membranes with mechanical vapor Recompression. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol.111, No.2, pp.51-54. Metcalf and Eddy Inc., Tchobanoqlous, G., Burton, F., and Stensel, D.H. (2003)  Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse. 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Naik, A. (2010) Wastewater treatment methods. Web. Perlman, H. (2010) Water use: wastewater treatment. Web. Shuping, L., Siuqing, L., Chocat, B., and Barraud, S., (2006) Requirements for sustainable management of urban water systems. Environmental Informatics, Vol.6, pp.116-128, UNEP (2010) Sludge treatment, reuse and disposal. Web. Viessman, W. (2010) Wastewater treatment and management. Web. Waste Material (2010) Wastewater treatment methods. Web. This term paper on Refinery Wastewater Management was written and submitted by user Mikaela Patrick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Organize Campaigns With Marketing Projects in CoSchedule

How to Organize Campaigns With Marketing Projects in Managing multiple marketing campaigns (all at once) with a dozen moving pieces is  tough. And when it’s just you managing those 273 campaigns†¦ Juggling multiple, looming deadlines†¦ Making sure your team is staying on task And when you repeat this seemingly never-ending cycle (again and again) wellIm not saying youll get burned out, but it sure as Helsinki isnt sustainable. Which is why  I am excited to tell you about one of our  *amazing* features Marketing Campaigns from ! With Marketing Campaigns, you can organize your entire marketing campaign  in one place, so you can keep projects moving forward not tirelessly track them down!How To Setup Your First Marketing Campaign To setup your first Marketing Campaign follow these three easy steps: Create ONE marketing campaign. Add every moving piece into your Marketing  Campaign. Focus on execution, moving forward, and meeting  deadlines! And BAM! Youre on your way to becoming the most productive (and organized) marketer ever. 👠 Consolidate Everything into a Single Marketing Campaign Now for the REALLY exciting part: consolidating your content! With Marketing Campaign, you can group multiple pieces of content together (related to a specific campaign)  into one centralized folder. It’s a marketer’s dream come true! To begin adding content to your marketing project, click the  +  sign in either the upper right hand corner of the screen or within a specific date on the calendar. As you start adding multiple pieces of content to your project, youll notice they are also listed in tabs at the top of the page. So  instead of combing through your calendar to find a specific piece of content, you can easily access  them within your project. Once you are finished adding all associated content to your project, hit the  Close Project  button in the lower right corner. (This will stop adding pieces of content  to the marketing project.) Now you will see your marketing project folder on the  main calendar (!!!) and all associated content within your specified beginning and end dates (noted by the bar that is the same color as your marketing project). Plus,   when you hover over your marketing project on the main calendar, the folder and all associated content are highlighted––giving you a quick and easy way to view content and deadlines. Want to add some stand-alone content to a Marketing Project? No problem! Find and open your content, click on the folder in the bottom left corner, select  Add to Project, and search for your project name. ^^Yep, it’s that easy! With Marketing Campaigns from ,  you are able to consolidate every piece of your campaign into a single project. So you can  focus on execution instead of wasting time continuously tracking all of your content. (And thats awesome!) Maximize Your Team’s Resources from One Centralized Location With Marketing Campaigns maximizing your teams resources just got wayyyyy  easier. Ramp up on projects faster quickly add  every piece of content involved in your marketing campaign in one place Accurately gauge timelines and easily  review all projects on the main calendar AND  instantly know whos working on what from the calendar. *fist pump* Which means its  easy to manage your team’s time AND  set realistic goals. Talk about a MAJOR productivity #win for you and your team. Ramp up projects faster, accurately gauge timelines, and know who’s working on what –– at any[Proactively] Plan Your Entire Marketing Roadmap As a marketer, youve got a lot on your plate. And not in the good unlimited taco buffet kind of way. Remember the last time you had it all together? It was  so much easier  to focus and be proactive. But when you feel out of control it’s stressful. (Ultimately making you feel more disorganized and distracted.) 👎 But with Marketing Campaigns, you  get  a visual timeline of every project on the calendar, so you can effectively plan out days, weeks, and months in advance without overbooking your team. And if you have a TON of projects + content on the calendar (so its hard to grasp whats actually happening) you can easily set  up a few  Saved Calendar Views  to quickly find what you need. *whoop-whoop!* It’s never been so easy to manage a marketing campaign (or multiple, because let’s be realistic here, theres never just ONE) and keep your team’s head above water in the process. Proactive planning, here we come! Monitor Your Progress + Make Adjustments  Faster. Managing huge projects is an art form AND staying on top of all those deadlines can get tricky. Real tricky. But with Marketing Campaigns, you can view your team’s overall progress and quickly make adjustments,  so you never miss a deadline. Yeah, you heard that right. We’re talkin’ graphs, bars, and project burn charts! ^^^#nerdlife  #graphs The burn chart is a useful snapshot  of the ratio of completed versus incomplete tasks, while the progress bar is a simple way to see how your marketing campaign is moving along. The ability to monitor your campaign’s progress  is especially awesome  when you need to make quick decisions. For instance, if you need to  add or remove pieces of content within your marketing campaign  due to a delay use those handy little content tabs within your project to modify items as needed! It’s the real world  (and things come up) so the ability to make quick adjustments is important to any campaign’s success. Monitor your team’s overall progress, make game time decisions and  never miss a deadline with Marketing Campaigns. #BOOM

The Lost World, Michael Crichton. Explains the book and gives a personal critique of it

The Lost World, Michael Crichton. Explains the book and gives a personal critique of it I read Michael Crichton's The Lost World. ‚Â ® In the following paragraphs, I will not only explain the book, but also give my critique of it. I will also give a paragraph that was probably the best paragraph in the book, in my opinion.The book starts out with Ian Malcolm, a mathematician who had already had an experience with live dinosaurs a couple of years ago on another island. He has pretty much blocked that experience from his mind. Anyway, it also talks about a man named Doctor Levine. This man talks at a lecture that Malcolm is watching about the theory of there being a lost world, an island, undiscovered, that has extinct animals on it, particularly dinosaurs. Malcolm dismisses this idea saying that is the dumbest thing he ever heard. After the lecture, Levine talks to Malcolm to help him in finding this 'Lost World.' Malcolm again dismisses him.The Lost World (Crichton novel)After a couple weeks of Levine nagging him, he sort of gets more into the idea, and starts to b elieve it. Levine Narrows it down to one island, Isla Sorna, and just leaves without telling anyone.Two of Levine's students, Kelly and Arby, get worried when he wasn't there to teach their class, because they were supposed to go on a field trip with him that day. They go to a guy named Doctor Thorne, a guy that was making specialized equipment for their trip. He said that he didn't know what was going on. They contact Malcolm and they go to Levine's apartment. They go to his computer room and see all this stuff on the wall about site B. They go onto the computer and Arby gets all this stuff about site B on it. Malcolm then finds out that the island that Levine...

Women in construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women in construction - Essay Example omen had training on the handling of construction equipment to gain first hand experience on heavy machinery like dumpers etc to learn more on such equipment so that these women can help in building venues and infrastructure for 2012 games in London. This, in turn also increased the job opportunities for women Although presently the share of women placement in construction sector is very low, the aim of the tester event is to provide gainful job opportunity to a minimum of 50 women in a year. The mister did really encourage women to go for such training, while meeting those female workers also who are already helping in this project to build the required infrastructure. As per the London 2012 Olympic news, women manual workforce is just two percent of the total in national construction sector. However the ODA initiative has certainly helped to improve this dismal figure as, according to the â€Å"Olympic News†, there are presently around 155 women workers engaged for working in the Olympics project and almost 35 of them were placed by the â€Å"Women into construction† initiative. The females work under this program in jobs like dumper truck or digger drivers and operators for other machines and equipment. During the visit to the Olympic Park, the minister Tessa Jowell remarked that the London 2012 ‘women into construction’ project is an excellent example of the games being used to become the providers for equal opportunity employment irrespective of the gender. The minister opined that this will further strength the job opportunities for women in the national construction sector, while helping more women to get jobs in the ‘women into construction’ projects. suited for males only. Hence, very few female aspirants wanted to get into this field while seeking employment opportunities. However, the Director of Construction, ODA, Howard Shiplee, who also attended the event remarked that this project is a wonderful opportunity to highlight the excellent and

My Dilemma (acquisition, merger and initial public offer) Research Paper

My Dilemma (acquisition, merger and initial public offer) - Research Paper Example How the Dilemma came about One Monday morning when I got to the office, something strange and out of protocol happened. Hitherto, I rarely had any say on proposals for growth and expansion. I was more or less a passive observer who was around to learn from his superiors. This time round I was not even asked to give contributions towards a proposal to be sent to management but to select one of three choices management had taken on a long term growth and expansion move. Most of the time, proposals from my department to management were discarded but when proposals came from management to my department, it meant that the proposal was certainly going to be implemented. This means that the choice I made was going to be implemented. For a student on internship to decide the long term growth and expansion program for the multi million advertising company was indeed a herculean task. The dilemma was also with the fact that I had to choose among options given by management. The options were acquisition, merger and initial public offer. The company was considering either purchasing an events organization company or merging with the events organization company or putting its shares on public offer as a means of expanding the existing company. This was a dilemma because all three options had their own advantages and disadvantages. It was indeed difficult pointing out which of the options was going to be better than the either. Meaning of the three options Merger has been explained by Farlex (2011) to be â€Å"a combination of two or more companies in which the assets and liabilities of the selling firm(s) are absorbed by the buying firm.† It continues to posit that in the event of merger, there is a â€Å"decision by two companies to combine all operations, officers, structure, and other functions of business† (Farlex (2011). To this effect, it meant th at if I chose the option of merger, my company would have been tagged as the buying firm. It also meant that by merger, our company was going to combine all its operation, staff, structure and organizational culture with the selling firm. The new company that was going to be formed out of the merger was not going to be under the outright ownership of our firm but then ownership shared by the two companies in question. The Investopedia (2011) on the other hand explains that â€Å"when one company takes over another and clearly established itself as the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition.† The implication of this definition is that if this choice was chosen by me, our company was

The Townshend Duties refer Essay Example for Free

The Townshend Duties refer Essay The Boston tea party is seen as having played a gigantic role in providing impetus to the American Revolution. It refers to an incident that happened on December 16, 1773, pitting the colonists against the British. A group of Americans from Boston pretending to be natives dropped large consignments of tea in to the ocean as a form of protests against the selective and punitive taxation; it was a culmination of anger that had been building over the British policies. Earlier in 1770, the Townshend Duties had been done away with, following concerted protests by the colonists. The Townshend Duties refer to a number of taxes introduced by Charles Townshend aimed at the colonists to finance tax cuts in England. The Townshend duties were repealed but the tea duty still remained (Hawkins, 33). To circumvent such punitive charges, the American population boycotted the British tea opting to buy the one smuggled from Portugal. This resulted to huge losses and debts to the East India Company that was importing the tea. In response to this boycott and to help the company survive, the British introduced the Tea Act. This act sought to remove taxes on tea imports. The East India Company could now import the tea and sell it at a price below the smuggled one. The boycott though persisted with most colonists refusing the temptation of buying cheaper tea, as doing so would be bowing to the British and accepting the punitive tax. The smugglers were foreseeing a big dent in their ventures and were at the forefront with the boycotting campaigns. The call no taxation without representation took a new momentum (Ketchum, Richard, 19). The Tea Act was greatly opposed with most merchants opting to send it back. In Boston however, this was not the course of action taken. The building up protests and strong opposition to the brutish taxation regimes was rife in the air. Bostonians led by a liberalist Samuel Adams, could not allow the offloading of the tea shipments and were demanding that it be taken back to England. Thomas Hutchinson, who was the governor then, was adamant that the ships had to pay the duty first. This is what prompted a group of Bostonians to secretly board the ship, emptying the contents in the sea harbour. Over three hundred chests of tea were dropped in to the harbour sparking a huge outrage back in Britain with most politicians pressing for compensation. The colonists were unapologetic and the parliament vowed to introduce even more punitive policies and hence the Intolerable Acts. Intolerable Acts refers to a number of laws introduced by the British aimed at Bostonians, in retribution for the destruction of the tea imports. It is ironical for these laws were supposed to serve as a lesson to those states that wished to put up a defiant face. However, in the real sense, they intensified resentment towards the British and helped fuel the calls to the American Revolution. The Boston tea party helped coalesce the colonist resentment and defiance against the British repressive laws and came at a time when liberalists were intensifying their clarion calls against the British. Though aimed at the Tea Act, it had an overall effect of awakening interests towards a revolution that was to take place a few years later. Works Cited Hawkins, A Retrospect of the Boston Tea Party, pp. 31-39. Ketchum, Richard, Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York, 2002,19

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System Essay -- Political P

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System The state of women in the United States criminal justice system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. While the policies imposed in the criminal justice system have an effect on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. By looking at the United States' history of females in the criminal justice system, the social manipulation of these females and the everlasting affects that incarceration have on all women, both in and out of prison, this essay will explore the use of the criminal justice system as simply another form of control from which there is no hope of escape. This system of control then leads to the examination of the everlasting, yet never successful, female struggle to balance the private sphere of domesticity with the public sphere of society and the criminal justice system's attempt to keep women within the boundaries of the private . For centuries women who have entered the justice system have been oppressed, because the system was and still is a system designed by a patriarchal society and implemented primarily to control wayward males. The witch hunts in 17th century New England, is the first of many examples in which society exerted control over women by labeling them 'witches,' yet leaving the men alone. The primary determinant of who was designated a witch was gender, in fact eighty percent of all those killed were women. Of those women, females who were spinsters or widows, rather than wives or mothers "were represented disproportionately among the witches." In the 1800's, imprisoned women suffered the same terrible... ...ource Availability for Women at Risk," unpublished paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Chicago, November 1987. 9 Nancy Rubin, "Women Behind Bars," McCall's, August 1987 10 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 11 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 12 Shelly Bannister, op. cit., argues that women who respond to male violence with physical resistance, and are incarcerated as a result, should be viewed as political prisoners. 13 Sandy Rovner, "Abused Women Who Kill," Judgment, vol. 10, no. 2, June 1987 14 Nicole Hahn Rafter, Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons 1800-1935 (Boston: New England University Press, 1985)

Carrion by Baudelaire in Modern Period

The life of Charles Baudelaire does not fall exactly within the period when modern style dominated in art. Living between 1831 and 1867 Baudelaire caught only the rise of modernist tendencies in literature, and it can be observed that he played an important role in the development of modern style. His writings, which were pretty scandalous for the time obviously bear features of modern style. This paper aims to demonstrate how Baudelaire’ rhymes are related to modernism, using his poem â€Å"Carrion† as an example.The distinctive features of modernist art are its symbolic nature, profound personal approach and fancy forms of outside reflection, which can sometimes be even shocking. Logical ties inside the artwork are unevident and every person is allowed to form own original opinion about it. An artwork often represents a sort of transcendent form, and it often does not really mean that, what it appears to be at first sight. Combined with sharp contrasts this forms the identity of modern style .Applying the described principled to Baudelaire’s verse it is firstly necessary to turn to symbolism. The poet actually described a rather disgusting thing – a corpse of an animal rotting near the road. That what was a taboo for artists of previous epoch and would never be aesthetic for them is described by Baudelaire with some sickly passion: The flies swarmed on the vulva, where The hordes of blackness writhed The maggots like a river, on Those rags that seemed to live.But this caused him to start thinking of beauty and its fate and even compare his sweetheart to this rotting body: And even you will come to this, This horrible infection This is a perfect example of shocking expression of the artistic idea and unobvious ties, for further Baudelaire relates the dead body to the idea or eternal beauty, which will forever live in a spiritual world: So tell them! Tell the worms for me, The ones who'll kiss and eatThat I have kept your faith divin e, My decomposing sweet! Actually the idea, that bodily beauty is temporary and spiritual beauty surpasses the bodily one is not new. Baudelaire’s merit is not in the invention of idea, but in finding new forms for its expression. Perhaps the readers would be â€Å"getting sleepy from the corpse's rank perfume† like a woman in the poem, after all, as in any modernist artwork, the reader is allowed to form a personal opinion.The poem is exclusively author’s view of the world which a reader can get acquainted with. Such withdrawal from universalism in art and providing insights into own ideas is one of the key elements of modern art. Works cited: 1. Bradbury, Malcolm, & James McFarlane (eds. ), Modernism: A Guide to European Literature 1890–1930 Penguin, â€Å"Penguin Literary Criticism† series, 1978 2. Charles Baudelaire. Carrion. Translated by C. S. Thompson. Available at: http://www. noctiviganti. com/books_flowers_carrion. html

Gun Control Research Essay

ProCon. org recently featured an article that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds. † The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t aware of this being an issue all over the United States.I decided to do some research to find out whether I am in favor of Gun control laws or not. After reviewing many articles for and against gun control, I found out that I do in fact agree with gun control laws. It became difficult to determine my side of the controversy due to there being a lot of negative and positive opinions about the issue. I feel like gun laws should be in place to restore our countries gun related cri me rates in the U. S. The ProCon article argues that states with the strictest gun control laws have lower rates of gun related homicides and suicides.The argument for gun control laws revolve around the statistics of gun control laws being stricter in certain states verses states with not so strict gun control laws. According to ProCon, â€Å"the most restrictive gun control laws have an average of 6. 64 fewer deaths per 100,000 people per year than those with the least restrictive laws† (ProConpara. 1). ProCon continues on to discuss the study â€Å"Firearm Legislation and Firearm Related Fatalities in the United States,† that was studied by different researchers that measured the association between the â€Å"legislative strength of state gun control policies† (ProCon para.1). The researchers then began to study the five categories used to create the legislative strength score which included laws designed to: curb firearm trafficking; strengthen background ch ecks on purchasers of firearms beyond those required by Brandy Handgun Violence Prevention Act; ensure child safety; ban military style assault weapons; and restrict guns in public places (ProCon para. 1). The researchers then ranked all 50 states from 0 to 28 based on their score (ProCon para. 2). â€Å"The higher the score, the more restrictive the gun lawsin that state,† stated the researchers (ProCon para. 2). â€Å"This study is a very important addition to our understanding of the connection between gun control and gun violence,† said John Roman, a PhD, senior fellow. â€Å"In addition to the general relationship between gun safety laws firearm deaths, also suggests that increasing the number of gun safety laws increases the reductions in firearm related deaths. So the benefits just get bigger with more laws† (ProCon para. 3). After reading the ProCon article, I found myself agreeing with the researchers.I can see different levels of gun related crimes all over the United States. Just by living in Fort Wayne, IN where there has been a peak in gun related crimes and deaths gives me proof that their study was indeed accurate. If more states had stricter gun control laws they would start to have lower rates of gun related homicides and suicides. Next, I went to an article by Chuck Baldwin, an American Politician, who disagreed with gun control laws: â€Å"Here we go again. We have another mass shooting at yet another â€Å"gun free† zone.Not only was the location a â€Å"gun free zone, it was located inside the nation’s capital, which has some of the strictest gun-control laws in the entire country,† Stated Chuck Baldwin, (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin clearly has a strong disagreement about gun control laws in the United States. In the title of the article, he stated, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people; gun control laws kill people† (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin then proceeds to talk about people basicall y abusing gun control laws and that they are useless because people are still using guns in â€Å"gun free† zones. Mr.Baldwin argued, â€Å"I thought gun-control laws and â€Å"gun-free† zones were supposed to protect people from gun violence† (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin proceeded to argue that â€Å"Gun-Free† zones are actually â€Å"Free Killing† zones (Baldwin para. 1). He then went on to explain how â€Å"This is the second time in recent memory when some wacko shoots up a military installation† (Baldwin para. 2). I feel like Mr. Baldwin’s logic behind gun control laws is kind of persuasive because even though there are gun control laws, and â€Å"gun free† zones, doesn’t mean that people are going to stop committing gun related crimes in places where there are laws in place.I expected that I might be swayed by Mr. Baldwin’s information, but I was not. I am definitely in favor of gun control laws. I also th ink that Mr. Baldwin’s argument was kind of true and he had a lot of good reasoning, but I still think that by enforcing gun control laws helps a lot of states to lower their gun related crimes. However, I did not see anything on Chuck Baldwin’s article that proved gun control laws were good or bad. The final article that convinced me of my position came from the Congressional Digest.The article, â€Å"Prevalence of Gun Use and the Regulatory Response† doesn’t focus on one side of the issue. Instead, it focuses on the different reasons gun control laws could or could not be effective. Some argue that the low violent crime rates of other countries have nothing to do with gun control, maintaining instead that multiple cultural differences are responsible (Gun para. 1). â€Å"Through the years, legislative proposals to restrict the availability of firearms to the public have raised the following questions: â€Å"What restrictions on firearms are permissibl e under the Constitution?Does gun control constitute crime control? Can the Nation’s rates of homicide, robbery, and assault be reduced by the stricter regulation of firearms commerce or ownership? Would restrictions stop attacks on public figures or thwart deranged persons and terrorists? Would household, street corner, and schoolyard disputes are less lethal if firearms were more difficult and expensive to acquire? Would more restrictive gun control policies have the unintended effect of impairing citizens’ means of self-defense? † (Gun para.2) This article provided a lot of questions that I asked myself and I answered â€Å"yes† to more than half of the previous questions. I had not considered these questions until I read the Congressional Digest. I think that if the government really cracked down on gun control laws, people would actually see a change in gun related crimes. I feel like yes, more restrictive gun control policies have unintended effect o f impairing citizens’, and yes different cultural differences have nothing to do with gun control issues.After reading these articles on gun control laws, I am now more informed and can still say that gun control laws still should be enforced. I am surprised at the different views this issue has received. I found out that I do in fact agree with gun control laws. It became difficult to determine my side of the controversy due to there being a lot of negative and positive opinions about the issue. I feel like gun laws should be in place to restore our countries gun related crime rates and fatalities in the U. S.

Blood Diamond Essays

Blood Diamond Essays Blood Diamond Essay Blood Diamond Essay Movie Analysis I. Description of Characters: 1. Danny Archer – The American who helped Solomon in finding his Family; He is also addicted in diamonds that’s why he help Solomon for him to have the diamond; Smuggler of diamonds. 2. Solomon Vandy – An African who were separated from his family when the rebels caught him; He has a great love for his family that’s why he’s finding them; a fisherman sierra leone. 3. Maddy Bowen – The magazine writer who helped Danny and Solomon to get the story. 4. Dia Vandy – The son of Solomon who was captured by the rebels and soon became one of them. II. Special/ General Effects 1. Gun shots 2. Bombings 3. So much Blood Shed III. Central Idea/ plot The Central Idea of the story is about a man who lost his family because of the rebels that caught him. Solomon Vandy was caught by the rebels but he escaped when the army bombed the place were the rebels were. In his journey to find his family, he met Danny archer, an American who is addicted to diamonds, he also met Maddy a writer in a magazine, and these two people are the ones who helped him find his family. IV. Unforgettable lines/ Likeable lines 1. I’m looking into an incredible view right now – Danny Archer 2. I am your Father And I should protect my son – Solomon Vandy 3. English boys don’t go to school everyday Dia Vandy 4. Can you do me a Favor? – Danny Archer 5. He is my son. I am his father. I must go find him. Go ahead, shoot me if you want, but I will go find him. – Solomon Vandy V. Guide Questions: 1. What elements of the story produce the effect to you? As I was watching the movie, I felt sad to know that, many people in Africa were killed and their children were caught by the rebels to train them and be rebels too. I also felt sad to see the destruction and the lost of lives cost by war. 2. How does the story begin? The Story started with the family of Solomon at peace, but was destructed when the rebels arrived. How does the story end? The story ends tragically with the death of Danny Archer, but on the other hand it ended happily for Solomon Vandy because he got his family back and they became rich. 3. Does it have force and beauty of style? For me, it has no force and beauty of style because of its violence. 4. Does it have humor? I don’t see any humor in the story because they were at war, and his family is lost. 6. Is there contrast in mood, character, and pace? Yes, The mood of Danny Archer is he always want to be superior while Solomon Vandy is always down to earth. They both have strong character. The pace of Danny Archer is he is a quick thinker in everything that he will do, while for Solomon, He would not think first of what he is doing just to have his son back like what he did when he went to the camp of the rebels and talk to his son.

Not That Big of a Deal

Not That Big of a Deal Not That Big of a Deal Not That Big of a Deal By Maeve Maddox A reader dislikes this commonly heard idiom: This is a losing battle, I’m sure. I constantly hear – and am annoyed by – people expressing reservations about something with phrases like â€Å"It’s not that big of a deal,† or â€Å"It’s not that good of a movie† etc.   As far as I know, the â€Å"of† is superfluous; you just say â€Å"not that big a deal† or â€Å"not that good a movie.†Ã‚   Adding the â€Å"of† seems unnecessary and grating to me.  I’d be interested in your thoughts on this point. The reader is correct in feeling that the â€Å"of† in â€Å"not that big of a deal† is superfluous. As one of the writers at The Grammarphobia blog points out, â€Å"An extra word can be justified if it serves an emphatic or supportive purpose, as in â€Å"first time ever†Ã‚  or â€Å"three different times.† Adding of to â€Å"not that big a deal† and â€Å"not that good a movie† serves no emphatic or supportive purpose. Nevertheless, â€Å"big of a deal† is commonly heard in spoken English and, judging by the Ngram Viewer, seems to be creeping into print. The first year the phrase â€Å"big of a deal† occurs on the Ngram Viewer is 1945. It doesn’t make much of a showing in print until the 1980s, when it shoots upward. The usage may have originated by analogy with the standard construction in which a noun is described by another noun (noun + â€Å"of a† + noun): I have a whale of a tale to tell you, Lads. San Andreas is a disaster of a movie. My girlfriend has been dating a loser of a boyfriend. The dog has made a hell of a mess in the garage. The pattern adjective + â€Å"of a† + noun is also standard- some of the time. For example, some adjectives of quantity are used in this way: One effect of this mechanism is to make it extremely difficult for third party or independent candidates ever to make much of a showing in the Electoral College. But for many researchers, having equal numbers of women and men in the scientific ranks is less of a priority than having a system that is fair and furthers science itself.   Thats more of a commitment than  many emerging market investors want to make. Youd think that  people  would  have had enough of  silly love songs. Big and good are adjectives of quality. â€Å"It wasn’t that good of a supper† is all right as dialect, but its nonstandard. The big of a deal construction may have migrated from dialect to the ranks of colloquialism, but it still has no place in written English, other than in dialogue or direct quotation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" How to spell "in lieu of"Dozen: Singular or Plural?

EasyJet A No Frills Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EasyJet A No Frills Airline - Assignment Example The disadvantages of the cost leadership strategy, as employed by EasyJet, include negative perceptions of quality, poor customer service, and unsustainable discounting systems. It is recommended that EasyJet adopt highly flexible strategic decisions, develop a more aggressive and direct strategy, and reevaluate its wage structure. Finally, it will provide a comprehensive conclusion, and make the necessary recommendations regarding the subject. This paper provides a comprehensive perspective of EasyJet as a company, including the cost leadership approach, which is the generic strategy favoured by the company. EasyJet is a leading budget airline that operates mainly in Britain and Southern Europe. The company’s headquarters are in Luton, Britain. According to Anderson (2014:41), as at December 2014, EasyJet employed almost 9,000 people and flew to over 600 destinations in 30 countries. In the financial year ended September 2014, the company posted revenues of  £4,527 million (Anderson, 2014:41). This represents a 6.3% growth in the 2013 financial year. Pre-tax profit, on the other hand, was  £581 million, representing a 21.5% increase in 2013. EasyJet’s 2014 financial results were positive to say the least, and reflected the strategic decisions made by the company to maximise efficiency and expand its services to more countries (Chen, 2013:34). The strategic plan implemented in 2013 was necessitated by changes in the global and European airline industries that complicated operating conditions for most airlines. EasyJet, however, has been able to not only adapt but also t o perform in spite of the conditions. As of December 2014, the company’s founder, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, is the largest shareholder (Doganis, 2013:38). Apart from basic travel, EasyJet offers a range of auxiliary services. For example, it collaborates with Gate Gourmet for its in-flight products and services, Europcar, for car hire services, and booking.com that

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Paraphrasing - Essay Example Reports from eyewitnesses were recorded that a cloud of gas settled over and gradually moved through the shanty towns (Shastri, 1985). However, diffusion of this gas cloud was prevented by atmospheric inversion and low-wind speed. When the gas cleared on the dawn of December 4th, the affected individuals were either dead or injured. According to statistics, this is considered as one of the worst industrial disasters to happen; resulting to approximately 3,787 deaths and 558,125 injuries. This outstanding rate of fatalities did not stop but persisted for months causing further harm. Approximately 50,000 people were estimated to suffer from the long-term health effects. Moreover, nine years after the fatality, more than a thousand residents continued to experience health issues which may be linked to the accident. Examples of such health issues are corneal opacities, numbness, early cataracts, Post traumatic stress disorder, Impairment of memory, finer motor skills, and chronic bronchi tis (Dhara & Kriebel, 1993). After the tragedy, Union Carbide India Limited with the permission of the Indian government cleaned up the area until 1998. Union Carbide India Limited also donated $2 million to the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund, $5 million to the Indian Red Cross, and shared all information concerning methylisocyanate with the Indian government. In the year 1998, the Madhya Pradesh State Government took over Union Carbide India Limited and assumed responsibility. Five years later after the tragedy, the Supreme Court of India ordered Union Carbide India Limited to pay $470 million to the Indian government; the amount was paid in full ten days later. Moreover, the court ordered the Indian government to purchase medical insurance policy to cover 100,000 affected people. In the year 2004, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Government to give the remaining

Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Healthcare - Essay Example These are integrated in medical bylaws of hospitals, where they are used in assessing professional and ethical qualifications of medical applicants. The process is common in public hospitals, while modifications are seen in private ones--the latter are given discretion in executing their institutional regulations, provided that these do not clash with statutory constitutional rights of medical professionals, in general. 2) The concept of confidentiality is a protective regulation that safeguards the right of medical practitioners subjected to peer-review evaluations. In the absence of the confidential value in peer review functions, disruptions and inaccurate evaluation of professional performance can result. Another significant concept surrounding peer reviews is involvement of potential breach in liability principle. Medical colleagues to be evaluated are accountable to protect the sets of information revealed during such review. The revealed information can be carried out not from good faith, but for selfish purposes.

Windows Hardening Defense Essay Example for Free

Windows Hardening Defense Essay Windows Hardening Defense, starts with the basics, Log in with least amount of privileges. Always use Firewall and AV. Monitor channels for security advisories and alerts. Know your system(s). Patch early and patch often, Unpatched Systems are the lowest of low hanging fruit. Have a patch policy documented and stick with it. Review patches as they are released and determine criticality based on the exploit, threat footprint for your system(s), and whether or not there is a POC or fully weapon exploit in the wild. When possible, test patches before rolling out in production on servers. Most clients should have automatic updates enabled for the OS and any application listening on a socket or used with untrusted data (java, adobe, browsers, etc) Servers should be updated during maintenance windows if possible and depending on criticality (of threat and server). Security Technical Implementation Guide is a Compendium of DOD Policies, Security Regulations and Best Practices for Securing an IA or IA-Enabled Device (Operating System, Network, Application Software, etc.) A Guide for Information Security. Mandated in DODD 8500.1, DODI 8500.2 and endorsed by CJCSI 6510.01, AR 25-2, and AFI 33-202. The goals of STIG are to provide Intrusion Avoidance, Intrusion Detection, Security Implementation Guidance, Response and Recovery. DISA STIGs offers configuration guides and checklists for: Databases, Operating Systems, Web Servers, Etc Also provides standard â€Å"findings† and impact ratings CAT I, CAT II, CAT III. First draft November 2006; first release July 2008. 129 requirements covering: Program Management, Design Development, Software Configuration Management, Testing and Deployment. ASD STIG applies to â€Å"all DoD developed, architected, and administered applications and systems connected to DoD networks†. Essentially anything plugged into DoD. Requirements can be extremely broad: APP3510: The Designer will ensure the application validates all user input. APP3540: The Designer will ensure the application is not vulnerable to SQL Injection. Requirements can be extremely specific: APP3390: The Designer will ensure users accounts are locked after three consecutive unsuccessful logon attempts within one hour. Requirements can be esoteric: APP3150: The Designer will ensure the application uses FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules to implement encryption, key exchange,  digital signature, and hash functionality. Requirements can be expensive: APP2120: The Program Manager will ensure developers are provided with training on secure design and coding practices on at least an annual basis. Exploiting known vulnerabilities with PenTest apps it is very easy to discover if a server is vulnerable (Nessus, metasploit, etc.) SNMP hacking to reveal server uptime (for Windows it is OID 1.3.6.1.2 .1.1.3.0) for critical always-on systems they may not have been rebooted for months/years. Easy to back-date in a vulnerability database and see which patches require a reboot and know for certain they aren’t properly applied. If you have an account on the server you can use â€Å"net statistics server† or â€Å"net statistics workstation† to determine uptime. Security compliance manager is the framework used for Stripping, Hardening, and Compliance purposes. Use this to make a Gold/Master image for mass distribution or for individual stand-alone machines. Explicit guides are defined for hardening the registry and other file system settings. Templates for OS, Roles, Features, and Applications. With System Center 2012 you can apply industry standard compliance templates for PCI, FISMA, ISO, HIPAA, etc. The STIGs and NSA Guides are the configuration standards for DOD IA and IA-enabled devices/systems. STIGs are lists of all controls and what their values must be in order to be compliant. In process of migrating to using NIST’s SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) to automate compliance monitoring. Newer auditing tools have SCAP integration already in place. DISA FSO Gold Disk was used for older systems (W2k8R1 and Vista are last supported) for automated auditing. Citations: http://www.disa.mil/ and http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/index.html#

Cholera Essay examples -- Vibrio cholerae Infection Disease

Cholera The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is â€Å"a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum† (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted. Introduction Cholera is a disease caused by the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestines. Usually, the illness is mild, and for some, symptoms of cholera never even present, but sometimes, the disease can also be severe. A severe case of cholera is â€Å"characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment). Normally, in a gentler case of cholera, the infected person only has mild diarrhea. â€Å"In 5-10% of cases, however, patients develop very severe watery diarrhea and vomiting from 6 hours to 5 days after exposure to the bacterium. In these cases, the loss of large amounts of fluids can rapidly lead to severe dehydration. In the absence of adequate treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Ca... ...a Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment." MedicineNet.Com. 31 Aug. 2005. . 9.) "Cholera: Treatment." MayoClinic.Com. 30 Mar. 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. . 10.) "Frequently Asked Questions and Information for Travellers." World Health Organization. . 11.) Goodwin, Charles S., ed. Microbes and Infections of the Gut. Melbourne, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. 103-113. 12.) O'neal, Jackie. "Bengladesh Medical Study on Cholera." Kidsnewsroom.Org. 13.) "Treatment of Cholera." World Health Organization. . Cholera Essay examples -- Vibrio cholerae Infection Disease Cholera The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is â€Å"a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum† (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted. Introduction Cholera is a disease caused by the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestines. Usually, the illness is mild, and for some, symptoms of cholera never even present, but sometimes, the disease can also be severe. A severe case of cholera is â€Å"characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment). Normally, in a gentler case of cholera, the infected person only has mild diarrhea. â€Å"In 5-10% of cases, however, patients develop very severe watery diarrhea and vomiting from 6 hours to 5 days after exposure to the bacterium. In these cases, the loss of large amounts of fluids can rapidly lead to severe dehydration. In the absence of adequate treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Ca... ...a Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment." MedicineNet.Com. 31 Aug. 2005. . 9.) "Cholera: Treatment." MayoClinic.Com. 30 Mar. 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. . 10.) "Frequently Asked Questions and Information for Travellers." World Health Organization. . 11.) Goodwin, Charles S., ed. Microbes and Infections of the Gut. Melbourne, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. 103-113. 12.) O'neal, Jackie. "Bengladesh Medical Study on Cholera." Kidsnewsroom.Org. 13.) "Treatment of Cholera." World Health Organization. .

Cognitive Interventions Essay

The only thing that tells everyone apart from everyone else is each person’s genetic make-up. And there is only one exception and that would identical twins, because no two people are the same. This can be said true about the way we all think. There is no one person that thinks the same as the next person. People believe that we are all born innocent and that we are pure in thoughts and in behavior. There are many different factors that can and sometimes do influence how a person is controlled by his/her cognitive ability to think before acting. There are people who do a better than others can. There are people who have certain psychological problems that seek out help from a therapist to get a handle on their problems. One of most popular therapy would be cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The base of this theory is that some of the behaviors are caused by a person’s inner thoughts or by mental inability to deal with problems or events in our lives. In this paper, I will summarize the article â€Å"Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child Physical Abuse,† that describe Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) and the use of AF-CBT in adolescent anger management. Article Summary Childhood anger can be tiger by many different factors, thoughts or even events during a child early life. A young child is not able to express their feels in a correct way, so they have problems in dealing with their anger. This could also be that they were never taught by his/her parents how to handle their emotions. A good example would be a friend of mine that has a child with some deep rooted problems, When Sam get angry he will not able to express how he feels so he acts out towards anyone that is near him. At Christmas time I brought him a soccer ball that he wanted and when he opened it he just threw it to one side, so he was punishment, sent to his room, when he came out the looks in his eyes just plain scared me. I have seen that look in a person who just committed a murder. Cold and dark look is what this child has. Most children with this type of problems, it could be a result of abuse in the home by one or both parents, and the type of abuse could be physical or sexual. At the time of the abuse the child may feel that they could not fight off the person who is abusing him or they are so scared to tell anyone. When this time of situation has occurred the child is not able to handle so they will out and get into trouble. They may start getting into trouble at school, start handling out with the wrong crowds and getting into serious trouble with the law. The child may become involved with sex, alcohol and drugs, sometimes the child could turn out to be an abuser also. Children will do this to get away from their home life and the pain. If the abuse was discover at an early age, and then the child can be remove from the home and has a better chance to get therapy and could turn out to normal. This way the hate and anger can be redirected to a more positive avenue. It difficult for a child to understand why things happened to them and but to be able to speak to someone that can be able to help them understand that it was no their fault and help them heal their emotional wounds. Unfortunately, the affective of the abuse may follow the person throughout their life in many different forms. It can affect their children and even their partners. They may became have problems like becoming overweight so they will not be attractive to men. They also can be very sexually active. Being in therapy as a child they can be with other children that have been threw the same as the child and could help to release their anger, it could also help them from staying away from trouble and from hanging out with the wrong people. This would help the child to focus more on school and what is important to the child. The cognitive behavior theory is known to help child that are victims of abuse cases whether it is physical or sexual and the parents that are the abusers, that may help them to reestablish a relationship between parents and children. Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  The main usage of the Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) is working with children and their families that have suffered sexual or physical abuse; the environment is very hostile, the child may be subject coercion and are aggression when the family is present. AF-CBT is also used for children with behavioral problems such as Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. AF-CBT is right for children who are the ages of 5-15, who exhibit some level of behavioral or emotional dysfunction and for parents or caregivers who may resort to uncomfortable or unsafe levels of physical punishment. The goal of this therapy is to reduce the level of physical abuse risk factors of the caregiver or family and to reduce the consequences of these experiences for the children. The primary focus is behavior management, social skills, training, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving skills, and communications skills for the caregiver’s level of anger and promote nonaggressive discipline strategies, to enhance a child’s coping skills, and encourage problem-solving and communication. There are three stages of AF-CBT process, each of the steps consisting in multiple steps that involve the child and the parent(s) separately and jointly. This type of treatment would be taken place as outpatient or in a setting that ongoing contact with the caregiver and the child. The treatment should take place twice a week for approximately three to six months. Abuse-Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in an Adolescent Anger-Management, the important part is to be able know how to control anger. Everyone can control their anger and being angry is a normal part of life. Just like everyone else, adolescent are no exception. The only exception is that adolescent can take their anger to the extreme and their action may not be called normal when angered. There is one way to help the adolescent to control their anger is by cognitive therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy can occur in many different ways, the most common is the one-to-one talk with the adolescents. Once the problem is out in the open, the therapist may give the adolescent advice and to show how to control or redirected their anger. It is a success when one discovers the problem using the cognitive behavioral therapy. Now that the adolescent is able to control their anger it more benefit for those who are around the adolescent, it does benefit both parties. With aggressive or violent behavior the AF-CBT will target in three ways in which people can deal with the situations: 1) Cognition (thinking), 2) Affect (feeling), and 3) Behavior (doing). AF-CBT use many different techniques that are used by practitioners, such as behavior and anger management, problem solving, social skills training, and cognitive restructuring. All programs require proper training in different areas, especially with psychological skills so that enhancing interpersonal effectiveness and self-control is maintained. Conclusion The article explains to us how to deal with child and adolescent in dealing with their anger due to physical or sexual abuse to them and to be able overcome their anger and to deal with feelings as well as their families. The primary goal of AF-CBT is to reduce other behavioral problems in children and adolescent when they grow-up.

Texting vs. Calling

â€Å"Texting vs. Calling† The evolution of cell phones has changed the world socially. The creation of cell phones began in the 1840s, but the first phone did not come out publically until 1977 (â€Å"Cell Phones†). Majority of people today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are more portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, more and more people are upgrading and getting newer phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones have added new features to expand the way we communicate with others.With the new cell phones today, a person can do more than just make phone calls, he or she can text, instant message, and send emails. The two most common forms of communication through a cell phone are making a phone call and texting. Despite the fact that texting and calling have many similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and sends it to another person with a cell phone. Texting allows more conveni ence because it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of people who will not even call on their phones, but will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is about. An individual can also send a picture through a text. For example, instead of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. While texting, we can think clearly before we intend to say something.Once a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to consider carefully before saying what we think. This can cause less drama and fights. It is also more difficult to start a conversation by calling every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push peopl e apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones weren’t already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the mobile phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers prefer paying for text messages rather than phone calls, especially when they’re low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the phone plan he or she chooses, but the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can come to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose textin g over calling. More and more people agree that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has decreased fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talking on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they communicate by calling more than teens do. If it seems like American teens are texting all the time, it’s probably because on average they’re sending or receiving 3,339 texts a month. It’s amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet; however, most people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, â€Å"I love you, mom† or â€Å"I will have dinner at home, Dad. † Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more satisfied compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and transfer their emotions to their friends naturally. Although both have their own value, I believe that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it won’t quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldn’t reply to.Some messages are sent just to deliver information that the receiver needs to complete a task or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the elderly, they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, so most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and won’t quite understand the different options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and I’m sure this will become very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. Both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down at the phone to text and call. While making a phone call, it takes less time to dial a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but it’s not nearly as distracting as texting.Overall, there are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I believ e the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited â€Å"Cell Phones. † Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http://cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>. Texting vs. Calling â€Å"Texting vs. Calling† The evolution of cell phones has changed the world socially. The creation of cell phones began in the 1840s, but the first phone did not come out publically until 1977 (â€Å"Cell Phones†). Majority of people today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are more portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, more and more people are upgrading and getting newer phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones have added new features to expand the way we communicate with others.With the new cell phones today, a person can do more than just make phone calls, he or she can text, instant message, and send emails. The two most common forms of communication through a cell phone are making a phone call and texting. Despite the fact that texting and calling have many similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and sends it to another person with a cell phone. Texting allows more conveni ence because it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of people who will not even call on their phones, but will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is about. An individual can also send a picture through a text. For example, instead of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. While texting, we can think clearly before we intend to say something.Once a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to consider carefully before saying what we think. This can cause less drama and fights. It is also more difficult to start a conversation by calling every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push peopl e apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones weren’t already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the mobile phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers prefer paying for text messages rather than phone calls, especially when they’re low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the phone plan he or she chooses, but the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can come to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose textin g over calling. More and more people agree that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has decreased fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talking on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they communicate by calling more than teens do. If it seems like American teens are texting all the time, it’s probably because on average they’re sending or receiving 3,339 texts a month. It’s amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet; however, most people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, â€Å"I love you, mom† or â€Å"I will have dinner at home, Dad. † Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more satisfied compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and transfer their emotions to their friends naturally. Although both have their own value, I believe that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it won’t quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldn’t reply to.Some messages are sent just to deliver information that the receiver needs to complete a task or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the elderly, they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, so most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and won’t quite understand the different options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and I’m sure this will become very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. Both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down at the phone to text and call. While making a phone call, it takes less time to dial a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but it’s not nearly as distracting as texting.Overall, there are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I believ e the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited â€Å"Cell Phones. † Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http://cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>.